Ukwakhiwa kwenqwaba yeshidi lensimbi akulula njengoba ucabanga. Uma ufuna imiphumela emihle yokwakha, imininingwane ibalulekile.
1. Izidingo ezijwayelekile
1. Indawo yezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuklama ukuze kube lula ukwakhiwa komhlaba wesisekelo somsele, okungukuthi, kukhona indawo yokusekelwa kwe-formwork nokususwa ngaphandle konqenqema oluvelele kakhulu lwesisekelo.
2. Umumo wesakhiwo sendiza yokusekela yezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi yomgodi wesisekelo kufanele uqonde futhi ucoceke ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi amakhona angajwayelekile kufanele agwenywe ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa nokusetha ukusekelwa kwezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi ajwayelekile. Ubukhulu obuzungezile kufanele buhlanganiswe nemojula yebhodi ngangokunokwenzeka.
3. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesisekelo, phakathi nemisebenzi yokwakha efana nokumba, ukuphakamisa, imigoqo yensimbi eqinisayo, kanye nokuthululwa kukakhonkolo, akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukungqubuzana nezisekelo, ukudiliza izisekelo ngokungafanele, ukusika ngokungafanele noma ukushisela ezisekelweni, kanye nemishini esindayo kufanele. zingabekwa phezu kwezisekelo. izinto.
2. Ukulinganisa komugqa wokusekela
Ngokwezidingo zobubanzi besigaba esiphambanayo somklamo wokumbiwa komgodi wesisekelo kanye nomsele, umugqa wendawo yokushayela inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi uyalinganiswa bese uyakhululwa, futhi indawo yokushayela inqwaba yensimbi imakwe ngomcako omhlophe.
3. Inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi yokungena nendawo yokugcina impahla
Hlela isikhathi sokungena kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi ngokusho kohlelo lwenqubekelaphambili yokwakha noma izimo zesayithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zeshejuli. Izikhundla zokunqwabelanisa zezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi zihlakazekile emigqeni yokusekela ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokwakha kanye nezimo zesayithi ukuze kugwenywe ukunqwabelana okuphakathi nendawo ukuze kudale umonakalo wesibili. ukuthwala.
4. Ukulandelana kokwakhiwa kwenqwaba yeshidi lensimbi
Ukubeka nokwendlaleka - imisele yokumba - ukufaka imishayo yomhlahlandlela - ukushayela izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi - imishayo yomhlahlandlela yokudilizwa - ukwakhiwa kwama-purlins nezisekelo - ukumba umhlaba - ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo (ibhande lokudlulisa amandla) - ukususwa kwezisekelo - ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esikhulu segumbi elingaphansi - Ukugcwaliswa kwe-Earthwork backfilling - Ukususwa kwezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi-ukwelashwa kwezikhala ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi
5. Ukuhlola, ukuphakamisa kanye nokupakishwa kwezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi
1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi
Ngezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuhlolwa kokubukeka ukuze kulungiswe izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi ezingagculisi futhi kuncishiswe ubunzima enqubweni yokunqwabelanisa.
(1) Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka: okuhlanganisa ukonakala kwendawo, ubude, ububanzi, ukujiya, isilinganiso sonxande osekupheleni, ubuqotho nokuma kokukhiya, njll. Qaphela:
a. Izingxenye zokushisela ezithinta ukushayela kwezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi kufanele zinqunywe;
b. Izimbobo zokusika kanye nokukhubazeka kwesigaba kufanele kuqiniswe;
c. Uma inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi igqwalile kakhulu, ubukhulu bayo besigaba sangempela kufanele bulinganiswe. Eqinisweni, zonke izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi kufanele zihlolwe ikhwalithi yokubukeka.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kwempahla: Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zenqwaba yenqwaba yensimbi. Kubandakanya ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi, ukuqina nokugoba kokuhlolwa kwezingxenye, ukuhlolwa kwamandla okukhiya nokuhlolwa kobude, njll. Ukucaciswa ngakunye kwenqwaba yeshidi lensimbi kufanele kuhlolwe okungenani okukodwa kokudonsa nokugoba: ukuhlolwa kwesampula okubili kuzokwenziwa ngensimbi ngayinye. inqwaba yeshidi enesisindo esingama-20-50t.
2. Ukuphakamisa inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi
Indlela yokuphakamisa amaphuzu amabili kufanele isetshenziselwe ukulayisha nokulayisha izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi. Lapho uphakamisa, inani lezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi eliphakanyisiwe isikhathi ngasinye akufanele libe liningi kakhulu, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvikela ukukhiya ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo. Izindlela zokuphakamisa zihlanganisa ukuphakamisa inqwaba kanye nokuphakamisa okukodwa. Ukuphakamisa inqwaba kuvame ukusebenzisa izintambo zensimbi, kuyilapho ukuphakamisa okukodwa kuvame ukusebenzisa izisakazi ezikhethekile.
3. Ukupakishwa kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi
Indawo lapho izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi zinqwabelene kufanele zikhethwe endaweni eyisicaba futhi eqinile engeke ibangele ukuguqulwa okukhulu kokuhlala ngenxa yokucindezela, futhi kufanele kube lula ukuyihambisa endaweni yokwakha inqwaba. Uma unqwabelanisa, sicela unake:
(1) Ukuhleleka, indawo, indlela kanye nesakhiwo sendiza yokupakishwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuze kwakhiwe esikhathini esizayo;
(2) Izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi zipakishwa ngokwehlukana ngokuvumelana nemodeli, imininingwane kanye nobude, futhi izimpawu zimiswa endaweni yokunqwabelanisa;
(3) Izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi kufanele zipakishwe zibe izingqimba, nenani lezinqwaba kungqimba ngalunye ngokuvamile lingeqi 5. Izinto zokulala kufanele zibekwe phakathi kongqimba ngalunye. Isikhala phakathi kwezindawo zokulala ngokuvamile singu-3 ~ 4m, kanti ungqimba olungaphezulu nangaphansi lwezindawo zokulala kufanele lube kulayini oqondile ofanayo. Ubude obuphelele be-stacking akufanele budlule u-2m.
6. Ukufakwa kohlaka lomhlahlandlela
Ekwakhiweni kwenqwaba yeshidi lensimbi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo efanele ye-axis yenqwaba kanye nokuma kwenqwaba, lawula ukunemba kokushayela kwenqwaba, ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwe-buckling yenqwaba yeshidi futhi uthuthukise umthamo wokungena wenqwaba, ngokuvamile kudingekile ukusetha ukuqina okuthile, Uhlaka lomhlahlandlela oluqinile, olubizwa nangokuthi "i-purlin yokwakha".
Uhlaka lomhlahlandlela luthatha ungqimba olulodwa olunezinhlangothi ezimbili, oluvame ukwakhiwa ngemishayo yomhlahlandlela kanye nezinqwaba ze-purlin. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqwaba ze-purlin ngokuvamile ku-2.5 ~ 3.5m. Ibanga phakathi kocingo olunezinhlangothi ezimbili akufanele libe likhulu kakhulu. Ivamise ukuba nkulu kancane kunodonga lwenqwaba yamashidi. Ubukhulu buyi-8 ~ 15mm. Lapho ufaka uhlaka lomhlahlandlela, kufanele unake amaphuzu alandelayo:
(1) Sebenzisa i-theodolite kanye neleveli ukuze ulawule futhi ulungise indawo yenduku yomhlahlandlela.
(2) Ubude bomugqa wokuqondisa kufanele bufaneleke, obuvumela ukulawula ukuphakama kokwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa.
(3) Insimbi yomhlahlandlela ayikwazi ukucwila noma ukonakala njengoba izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi zishayelwa ngokujulile.
(4) Ukuma kwenduku yokuqondisa kufanele kube mpo ngangokunokwenzeka futhi akufanele kungqubuzane nezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi.
7. Ukushayela inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi
Ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi kuhlobene nokuqina kwamanzi okwakhiwa nokuphepha, futhi kungenye yezinqubo ezibucayi kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwalo msebenzi. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, izidingo ezilandelayo zokwakha kufanele zinakwe:
(1) Izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi zishayelwa i-crawler excavator. Ngaphambi kokushayela, kufanele ujwayelane nezimo zamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba nezakhiwo, futhi ubeke ngokucophelela umugqa oqondile ophakathi kwezinqwaba ezisekelayo.
(2) Ngaphambi kokunqwabelanisa, hlola izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi ngayinye ngayinye bese ukhipha izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi agqwalile futhi awonakele kakhulu kuzingidi zokuxhuma. Zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokuba sezilungisiwe futhi zahlanganiswa. Lezo ezingakafanelekile ngemuva kokulungiswa azivunyelwe.
(3) Ngaphambi kokunqwabelanisa, amafutha angasetshenziswa ekukhiyeni inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi ukuze kube lula ukushayela nokukhipha inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi.
(4) Phakathi nenqubo yokushayela yezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi, ukuthambekela kwenqwaba ngayinye kubhekwa kanye nesilinganiso. Uma ukuchezuka kukukhulu kakhulu futhi kungenakulungiseka ngendlela yokudonsa, kufanele kukhishwe futhi kuqhutshwe futhi.
(5) Bopha ngokuqinile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ayikho ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-2 ngemva kokumbiwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi zingavalwa kahle; ikakhulukazi izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi ekhoneni kufanele zisetshenziswe emagumbini amane omthombo wokuhlola. Uma zingekho izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi, sebenzisa amathayi amadala noma izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi abolile. Izinyathelo ezisizayo ezifana ne-pluging seams kufanele zivalwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwamanzi ekususeni inzika futhi kubangele ukudilika komhlaba.
(6) Ngesikhathi sokumbiwa komsele wesisekelo, bheka izinguquko zezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uma kukhona ukugumbuqelwa okusobala noma ukuphakamisa, ngokushesha engeza izisekelo ezilinganayo ezingxenyeni ezigingqikisiwe noma eziphakanyisiwe.
8. Ukususwa kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi
Ngemuva kokuthi umgodi wesisekelo usugcwalisiwe, izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi kufanele zisuswe ukuze zisetshenziswe kabusha. Ngaphambi kokukhipha izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi, ukulandelana nesikhathi sokukhipha izinqwaba kanye nokwelashwa kwemigodi yenhlabathi kufanele kufundwe ngokucophelela. Uma kungenjalo, ngenxa yokudlidliza kwenqwaba ekhishwayo kanye nenhlabathi eningi enqwabeni ekhishwayo, kuzodala ukuhlaliswa komhlaba kanye nokufuduka, okuzoletha ukulimala esakhiweni esingaphansi komhlaba esakhiwe futhi kuthinte ukuphepha kwezakhiwo zokuqala eziseduze, izakhiwo noma amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba. . , kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzama ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwenhlabathi yezinqwaba. Njengamanje, izindlela zokugcwalisa amanzi nesihlabathi zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
(1) Indlela yokudonsa inqwaba
Le phrojekthi ingasebenzisa isando esinyakazayo ukuze ikhiphe izinqwaba: ukudlidliza okuphoqelelwe okukhiqizwa isando esinyakazayo kusetshenziselwa ukuphazamisa inhlabathi futhi kucekele phansi ukuhlangana kwenhlabathi ezungeze izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi ukuze kunqobe inqwaba yokudonsa ukumelana, futhi kuncike kokungeziwe. ukuphakamisa amandla ukukhipha izinqwaba.
(2) Izinto okufanele uziqaphele lapho ukhipha izinqwaba
a. Indawo yokuqala nokulandelana kokukhipha izinqwaba: Ezindongeni zenqwaba yamashidi ensimbi evaliwe, indawo yokuqala yokukhipha izinqwaba kufanele ibe okungenani ama-5 kude nezinqwaba zamakhoneni. Indawo yokuqala yokukhipha inqwaba inganqunywa ngokuya ngesimo ngesikhathi sokucwila kwenqwaba, futhi indlela yokugxuma ingasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo. Kungcono ukukhipha izinqwaba ngokulandelana okuphambene ukuze uzishayele.
b. Ukudlidliza nokudonsa kokudlidliza: Lapho ukhipha izinqwaba, ungasebenzisa isando esidlidlizayo kuqala ukudlidliza isikhiye senqwaba yeshidi ukuze unciphise ukunamathela komhlabathi, bese ukhipha ngenkathi udlidliza. Ezinqwaba zamashidi okunzima ukuzikhipha, ungasebenzisa isando sikadizili kuqala ukudlidliza inqwaba phansi ngo-100~300mm, bese udlidliza ngokunye futhi ukhiphe inqwaba ngesando esidlidlizayo.
c. I-crane kufanele ilayishwe kancane kancane ngokuqala kwesando esidlidlizayo. Amandla okuphakamisa ngokuvamile aba ngaphansi kancane kunomkhawulo wokuminyanisa wentwasahlobo ye-shock absorber.
d. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwesando esidlidlizayo izikhathi ezingu-1.2~2.0 ezilinganiselwe zesando esidlidlizayo ngokwaso.
(3) Uma inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi ingakwazi ukukhishwa, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
a. Yishaye futhi ngesando esidlidlizayo ukuze unqobe ukumelana okubangelwa ukunamathela emhlabathini kanye nokugqwala phakathi kokulunywa;
b. Khipha izinqwaba ngokulandelana okuphambene kokushayela kwenqwaba yeshidi;
c. Umhlabathi oseceleni kwenqwaba yeshidi elithwele umfutho wenhlabathi uminyene. Ukushayela enye inqwaba yeshidi eduze kwayo kuzovumela inqwaba yeshidi langempela ukuthi ikhishwe kahle;
d. Yenza ama-grooves ezinhlangothini zombili zenqwaba yeshidi bese ufaka udaka lwenhlabathi ukunciphisa ukumelana lapho ukhipha inqwaba.
(4) Izinkinga ezivamile nezisombululo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwenqwaba yeshidi lensimbi:
a. Thambekela. Isizathu sale nkinga ukuthi ukumelana phakathi kwenqwaba okufanele iqhutshwe kanye nomlomo wokukhiya wenqwaba eseduze kukhulu, kuyilapho ukumelana nokungena lapho kuqhutshwa khona inqwaba kuncane. Izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa: ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ukuhlola, ukulawula kanye nokulungisa noma nini phakathi nenqubo yokwakha; usebenzisa izintambo zensimbi lapho ukutshekiswa kwenzeka. Donsa umzimba wenqwaba, donsa futhi ushayele, futhi kancane kancane ulungise; yenza izibonelelo ezifanele zezinqwaba zamashidi ezishayelwa kuqala.
b. Phendula. Isizathu sale nkinga: ingidi iwukuxhuma okunamaphiko; Isixazululo siwukuthi: sebenzisa ipuleti lokunamathisela ukuze ukhiye ukukhiya okungaphambili kwenqwaba yeshidi ngendlela yokuhlanganisa; setha i-pulley bracket esikhaleni ezinhlangothini zombili phakathi kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi ukumisa inqwaba yeshidi Ukujikeleza ngesikhathi sokucwila; Gcwalisa izinhlangothi zombili zokukhiya kwezinqwaba zamashidi ngamashimu nezinsimbi zokhuni.
c. Ixhumeke ngokuvamile. Isizathu: inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi iyanyakaza futhi igobe, okwandisa ukumelana kwenotshi; izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa: ukulungisa ukutsheka kwenqwaba yeshidi ngesikhathi; ukulungisa okwesikhashana izinqwaba ezishayelwa eduze nge-angle iron welding.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-29-2023