Amabati y'ibyuma kubaka ntabwo byoroshye nkuko ubitekereza. Niba ushaka ibisubizo byiza byubwubatsi, ibisobanuro nibyingenzi.
1. Ibisabwa muri rusange
1. Ahantu ibirundo byibyuma bigomba kuba byujuje ibyashizweho kugirango byoroherezwe kubaka ubutaka bwubatswe, ni ukuvuga ko hari umwanya wo gutera inkunga no kuvana hanze hanze yingenzi cyane yumusingi.
2. Ibipimo bizengurutse bigomba guhuzwa hamwe ninama yubuyobozi bishoboka.
3.Mu gihe cyose cyo kubaka umusingi, mugihe cyibikorwa byubwubatsi nko gucukura, kuzamura, gushimangira ibyuma, no gusuka beto, birabujijwe rwose kugongana ninkunga, gusenya inkunga uko bishakiye, gutema uko bishakiye cyangwa gusudira ku nkunga, kandi ibikoresho biremereye bigomba ntushyirwe ku nkunga. ibintu.
2. Gupima umurongo
Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubugari busabwa kugira ngo hacukurwe umwobo w’ibanze no gucukura umwobo, umurongo w’icyuma cyo gutwara ikirundo umurongo urapimwa ukarekurwa, naho ikibanza cy’icyuma cyo gutwara ikirundo kirangwa na lime yera.
3. Urupapuro rwicyuma rwinjira hamwe nububiko
Tegura igihe cyo kwinjiza ibirundo by'ibyuma ukurikije gahunda yo kubaka cyangwa imiterere yikibanza kugirango umenye neza ko kubaka ibirundo by'ibyuma byujuje ibisabwa. Imyanya yo gutondekanya ibirundo by'ibyuma ikwirakwizwa ku murongo w'inkunga ukurikije ibisabwa mu iyubakwa hamwe n'ibibanza bizabera kugira ngo birinde guhuriza hamwe hamwe kugira ngo byangize kabiri. portage.
4. Urupapuro rwibyuma byubatswe bikurikirana
Gushyira no gushiraho - gucukura imyobo - gushiraho ibiti biyobora - gutwara ibipapuro by'ibyuma - gusenya ibiti biyobora - kubaka purline no gushyigikira - gucukura isi - kubaka umusingi (umukandara w'amashanyarazi) - kuvanaho inkunga - kubaka inyubako nyamukuru yo munsi y'ubutaka. - gusubira inyuma kubutaka - Gukuraho ibirundo byibyuma - kuvura icyuho nyuma yikirundo cyibyuma
5. Kugenzura, kuzamura no gutondekanya ibirundo by'ibyuma
1. Kugenzura ibirundo by'ibyuma
Ku birundo by'ibyuma, muri rusange habaho kugenzura ibintu no kugenzura isura kugirango ukosore ibirundo by'ibyuma bidashimishije kandi bigabanye ingorane mugikorwa cyo gutwara.
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a. Ibice byo gusudira bigira ingaruka ku gutwara ibirundo by'ibyuma bigomba gucibwa;
b. Gukata umwobo hamwe nudusimba twibice bigomba gushimangirwa;
c. Niba ikirundo cy'icyuma cyangiritse cyane, uburebure bwacyo bugomba gupimwa. Ihame, ibirundo byose byamabati bigomba kugenzurwa kugirango bigaragare neza.
. Harimo isesengura ryimiti yibyuma, ibizamini bya tensile hamwe no kugoreka ibice, ibizamini byo gufunga imbaraga hamwe no kugerageza kuramba, nibindi. Buri cyerekezo cyerekana ikirundo cyicyuma kigomba gukorerwa byibuze ikizamini kimwe kandi kigoramye: hazakorwa ibizamini bibiri byikigereranyo kuri buri cyuma urupapuro rupima 20-50t.
2. Kuzamura impapuro z'icyuma
Uburyo bwo guterura ingingo ebyiri bugomba gukoreshwa mu gupakira no gupakurura impapuro z'ibyuma. Mugihe cyo guterura, umubare wibyuma byamabati yazamuye buri gihe ntibigomba kuba byinshi, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa kurinda igifunga kugirango wirinde kwangirika. Uburyo bwo guterura burimo guterura bundle no guterura kimwe. Kuzamura bundle mubisanzwe bikoresha imigozi yicyuma, mugihe guterura rimwe akenshi bikwirakwiza bidasanzwe.
3. Gutondekanya ibirundo by'ibyuma
Ahantu ibirundo by'ibyuma byegeranijwe hagomba gutoranywa ahantu hahanamye kandi hakomeye hatazatera ihinduka rinini ryimiturire kubera igitutu, kandi bigomba kuba byoroshye kujyana ahazubakwa piling. Mugihe cyo guteranya, nyamuneka witondere:
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. Umwanya uri hagati yabasinziriye muri rusange ni 3 ~ 4m, kandi hejuru no hepfo yabasinziriye bagomba kuba kumurongo umwe uhagaze. Uburebure bwuzuye bwo gutondeka ntibugomba kurenza 2m.
6. Gushiraho ikadiri yo kuyobora
Mu iyubakwa ry'icyuma cy'icyuma, kugira ngo hamenyekane neza aho ikirundo cy'ikirundo gihagaze kandi gihagarike ikirundo, kugenzura neza ibinyabiziga bigenda neza, kurinda ihindagurika ry'imyenda y'ikirundo no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu kirundo, ni muri rusange birakenewe kugirango ushireho gukomera, Ikomeye yo kuyobora, nanone yitwa "kubaka purlin".
Ikadiri yo kuyobora ifata umurongo umwe wuburyo bubiri, ubusanzwe igizwe nibiti biyobora hamwe na pirine. Umwanya wibirundo bya purlin muri rusange ni 2.5 ~ 3.5m. Intera iri hagati y'uruzitiro rw'impande ebyiri ntigomba kuba nini cyane. Mubisanzwe ni binini gato kurenza urukuta rw'urupapuro. Umubyimba ni 8 ~ 15mm. Mugihe ushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho, ugomba kwitondera ingingo zikurikira:
(1) Koresha theodolite nurwego kugirango ugenzure kandi uhindure umwanya wibiyobora.
(2) Uburebure bwibiti biyobora bigomba kuba bikwiye, bifasha kugenzura uburebure bwubwubatsi bwikirundo cyibyuma no kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi.
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7. Gutwara urupapuro rwicyuma
Kubaka ibirundo by'ibyuma bifitanye isano no gukomera kw'amazi n'umutekano, kandi ni imwe mu nzira zikomeye mu iyubakwa ry'uyu mushinga. Mugihe cyubwubatsi, ibisabwa byubwubatsi bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho:
(1) Ibirundo by'ibyuma bitwarwa na moteri ikurura. Mbere yo gutwara, ugomba kuba umenyereye imiterere yimiyoboro nubutaka, hanyuma ugashyiraho umurongo witonze umurongo wo hagati wibirundo.
. Birashobora gukoreshwa gusa nyuma yo gusanwa no guhuzwa. Ibikiri bitujuje ibyangombwa nyuma yo gusanwa birabujijwe.
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. Iyo gutandukana ari binini cyane kandi ntibishobora guhindurwa nuburyo bwo gukurura, bigomba gukururwa no kongera gutwara.
. cyane cyane ibipapuro by'ibyuma bigomba gukoreshwa kumpande enye zubugenzuzi neza. Niba nta byuma bimeze nk'ibi byuma, koresha amapine ashaje cyangwa ibirundo biboze. Ingamba zifasha nko gucomeka ikidodo zigomba gufungwa neza kugirango hirindwe ko amazi yatemba kandi agatera ubutaka.
(6) Mugihe cyo gucukura umwobo wishingiro, reba impinduka zurupapuro rwicyuma igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Niba haribintu bigaragara guhirika cyangwa kuzamurwa, hita wongeraho inkunga ifatika kubice byatsinzwe cyangwa byazamuye.
8. Gukuraho ibirundo by'ibyuma
Nyuma yo kuziba urufatiro rwuzuye, ibirundo by'ibyuma bigomba gukurwaho kugirango bikoreshwe. Mbere yo gukuraho ibirundo by'ibyuma, uko byakurikiranye hamwe nigihe cyo gukuramo ibirundo hamwe no kuvura umwobo wubutaka bigomba kwigwa neza. Bitabaye ibyo, kubera kunyeganyega kw'ikirundo gikuramo n'ubutaka bwinshi ku kirundo gikuramo, bizatera gutura no kwimurwa, bizangiza ibyubatswe munsi y'ubutaka kandi bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'inyubako z'umwimerere, inyubako cyangwa imiyoboro yo munsi. . , ni ngombwa cyane kugerageza kugabanya gukuraho ubutaka bwikirundo. Kugeza ubu, ingamba zo kuzuza amazi n'umucanga zirakoreshwa cyane.
(1) Uburyo bwo gukurura ibirundo
Uyu mushinga urashobora gukoresha inyundo yinyeganyeza kugirango ukuremo ibirundo: kunyeganyega ku gahato biterwa n’inyundo yinyeganyeza bikoreshwa mu guhungabanya ubutaka no gusenya ihuriro ry’ubutaka buzengurutse ibirundo by’ibyuma kugira ngo batsinde ikirundo cyo gukurura ikirundo, kandi wishingikirize ku zindi imbaraga zo guterura kugirango zikuremo ibirundo.
(2) Ibintu ugomba kwitondera mugihe ukuramo ibirundo
a. Ahantu ho gutangirira no gukurikiranya gukuramo ibirundo: Kubirindiro byicyuma gifunze urukuta, aho gutangirira gukuramo ibirundo bigomba kuba byibuze 5 uvuye kurunda. Intangiriro yo gukuramo ikirundo irashobora kugenwa ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze mugihe cyo kurohama, kandi uburyo bwo gusimbuka nabwo bushobora gukoreshwa nibiba ngombwa. Nibyiza gukuramo ibirundo muburyo butandukanye kugirango ubitware.
b. Gukurura kunyeganyega no kunyeganyega: Mugihe ukuramo ibirundo, urashobora kubanza gukoresha inyundo yinyeganyeza kugirango uhindure urupapuro rwikirundo kugirango ugabanye ubutaka, hanyuma ugakuramo mugihe unyeganyega. Kurupapuro rwurupapuro rugoye gukuramo, urashobora kubanza gukoresha inyundo ya mazutu kugirango uzunguze ikirundo munsi ya 100 ~ 300mm, hanyuma uhindurwe ukanyeganyega hanyuma ukure ikirundo hamwe ninyundo yinyeganyeza.
c. Crane igomba gutwarwa buhoro buhoro no gutangira inyundo yinyeganyeza. Imbaraga zo guterura muri rusange ziri munsi gato yo kugabanya imipaka yo gukurura isoko.
d. Amashanyarazi yo kunyeganyeza inyundo yikubye inshuro 1,2 ~ 2.0 imbaraga zapimwe zinyundo ubwazo.
(3) Niba ikirundo cy'icyuma kidashobora gukururwa, harashobora gufatwa ingamba zikurikira:
a. Ongera uyikubite inyundo yinyeganyeza kugirango utsinde imbaraga zatewe no gufatira ku butaka n'ingese hagati yo kurumwa;
b. Kuramo ibirundo muburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara ikirundo;
c. Ubutaka kuruhande rwurupapuro rwerekana umuvuduko wubutaka ni bwinshi. Gutwara urundi rupapuro hafi yacyo bizemerera urupapuro rwumwimerere gukuramo neza;
d. Kora ibinono ku mpande zombi z'ikirundo hanyuma ushyire mubutaka kugirango ugabanye ubukana mugihe ukuramo ikirundo.
(4) Ibibazo bisanzwe nibisubizo mugihe cyo kubaka ikirundo cyicyuma:
a. Hindura. Impamvu yiki kibazo nuko kurwanya hagati yikirundo bigomba gutwarwa numunwa wugaye wikirundo cyegeranye ni kinini, mugihe kurwanya kwinjirira mubyerekezo byo gutwara ikirundo ari bito. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo: gukoresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura, kugenzura no gukosora igihe icyo aricyo cyose mugihe cyubwubatsi; ukoresheje imigozi y'icyuma mugihe uhengamye. Kurura umubiri wikirundo, gukurura no gutwara, hanyuma ukosore buhoro buhoro; kora indamunite ikwiye kumpapuro zirunda mbere.
b. Twist. Impamvu yiki kibazo: gufunga ni ihuriro rifunze; igisubizo ni: koresha isahani ifunga kugirango ufunge imbere yurupapuro rwurupapuro rwerekezo rwa piling; shiraho agace ka pulley mu cyuho kumpande zombi hagati yikirundo cyicyuma kugirango uhagarike ikirundo cyuruziga Mugihe cyo kurohama; kuzuza impande zombi zo gufunga ibirundo byimpapuro ebyiri hamwe na shimoni hamwe na tenon yimbaho.
c. Bisanzwe. Impamvu: urupapuro rwicyuma kirundanya kandi kigoramye, byongera imbaraga zo guhangana; uburyo bwo kuvura burimo: gukosora ipfundo ryurupapuro mugihe; gutunganya by'agateganyo ibirundo byegeranye hamwe no gusudira ibyuma.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-29-2023